Introduction:
Coronary
Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a type of surgical procedure that is done to
restore normal blood to an obstructed coronary artery. This process is done in
case of severe Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
Coronary
Heart Disease or CHD is the most common type of heart disease in which a
substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the arteries. Arteries supplies
oxygen-rich blood to the heart which will be affected by the formation of
Plaque. Plaque can be narrow and is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and
other substances found in the blood which ultimately results in the blockage of
the coronary arteries and slows the flow of blood to the heart muscle. If the
blockage is severe, then it will cause angina (chest pain or discomfort that
occurs if an area of your heart muscle when it does not get enough oxygen-rich
blood) and heart attack.
Why CABG is important
Coronary
artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery may be the leading treatment choice for
most patients with more than one blocked heart artery, according to new
research. Analysts information demonstrate a noteworthy mortality advantage
with CABG over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and this advantage is
reliable over essentially all major patient groups, recommending that CABG
ought to be considered in broader patient populations, not fair in cases of
patients with diabetes and left ventricular dysfunction, which is what is
commonly practiced.
A new study found that from the last several years have seen a shift toward more
PCI over CABG. While there may be valid reasons from the research data which
show CABG outperforming PCI in almost every patient group, should push us to
further, discuss all of the options."
PCI,
often referred to as angioplasty, is a nonsurgical procedure that uses a thin,
flexible catheter placed into an artery in the groin or arm. A balloon on the
end of the catheter is positioned in the narrowed coronary artery and inflated
to open up the blockage. A stent is a metal mesh tube that is left behind to
help the artery from collapsing. Drugs attached to the stent, help to prevent
the body from reacting to the stent and shutting down the artery again.
CABG,
the most commonly performed heart operation in the United States is designed
to bypass the blockages in the coronary arteries in order to create a new path
for blood flow to the heart. The surgeon removes a healthy blood vessel,
usually from the leg, arm, chest, or abdomen, and connects it to the other
arteries (usually the aorta) in the heart. This enables blood flow to
"bypass" or goes around the affected or blocked portion of the coronary
artery.
The decision between open heart surgery and PCI for the treatment of patients with
multiple narrowed arteries are not always straightforward, according to Researcher.
Thus, these more complex treatment decisions should be made with the guidance
of a heart care team.
"Both
cardiac surgery and stenting have roles among patients with coronary artery
disease," said Researcher. "Because of this, it is important to
deliberate carefully with the help of a heart team. The team can ensure that a
multidisciplinary approach is used when offering recommendations to patients
and assisting them in making informed decisions."
A
heart care team generally includes cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists.
Other health care providers such as primary care physicians, physician
assistants, nurse practitioners, imaging specialists, and anesthesiologists
also may be part of the team. This approach is following more for the expertise
of these advanced practice providers in an effort to improve the efficiency and
advance the quality of care for patients.
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